List of Publications about Flexibility Models

Year

Authors

Publication

Use Case

Methodology

Implementation

DOI

Asset Types

Classification

Flexibility

Type

Metrics

Uncertainty

Aggregation

Time

Resolution

Multi-Time-Scale

Mediator

Constraints

2015

Ulbig & Andersson

Analyzing operational flexibility of electric power systems

Assess flexibility of hydro storage lake

Optimization (power node model)

10.1016/j.ijepes.2015.02.028

universal

envelope

potential

deterministic

active power, ramp-rate, energy

no

yes

discrete

short-term

no

no

technical

2020

Chicco et al.

Flexibility from distributed multienergy systems

-

Optimization (extended power node model)

10.1109/JPROC.2020.2986378

universal

envelope

potential

deterministic

reactive power

no

yes

discrete

short-term

no

yes

technical, service-guarantees

2018

Pedersen et al.

Modeling and Managing Energy Flexibility Using FlexOffers

Market participation

Forecasting, specific extraction algorithms

10.1109/SmartGridComm.2018.8587605

electric vehicles, flexible loads

envelope

potential

deterministic

reactive power

no

yes

discrete

short-term

no

no

technical, economic

2014

Dvorkin et al.

Assessing flexibility requirements in power systems

Flexibility requirements analysis

TSA + optimization

10.1049/iet-gtd.2013.0720

envelope

requirement

probabilistic

active power, ramp-rate, ramp duration

yes

no

discrete

short-term

yes

no

economic

2009

Makarov et al.

Operational impacts of wind generation on California power systems

Flexibility requirements analysis

Scenarios + ‘‘swinging door’’

10.1109/TPWRS.2009.2016364

envelope

requirement

probabilistic

active power, ramp-rate, ramp duration

yes

no

discrete

long-term

no

no

none

2017

Müller et al.

Aggregation and disaggregation of energetic flexibility from distributed energy resources

Market participation

-

10.48550/arXiv.1705.02815

envelope

potential

deterministic

active power

no

yes

discrete

short-term

no

no

technical, economic

2022

Nalini et al.

OpenTUMFlex: A flexibility quantification and pricing mechanism for prosumer participation in local flexibility markets

-

-

https://github.com/tum-ewk/OpenTUMFlex

10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108382

electric vehicles, energy storage systems, renewable energy sources, flexible loads, distributed generation

envelope

2011

Menemenlis et al.

Thoughts on power system flexibility quantification for the short-term horizon

Operations planning (with balancing reserves)

Scenarios

10.1109/PES.2011.6039617

metric

potential

probabilistic

energy, ramp-rate, economics

yes

no

discrete

short-term

no

no

technical, economic

2012

Lannoye et al.

Evaluation of Power System Flexibility

Generation planning

Time series analysis

10.1109/TPWRS.2011.2177280

metric

requirement

probabilistic

active power, ramp-rate

no

no

discrete

any

no

no

technical

2022

Tiemann et al.

Operational flexibility for multi-purpose usage of pooled battery storage systems

peak shaving, uninterrupted power supply, self-consumption optimization, use for frequency containment reserve (FCR)

Optimization and conflict detection

https://gitlab.com/offis-dai/models/amplify

10.1186/s42162-022-00209-4

energy storage systems

envelope

potential

deterministic

active power, ramp-rate, energy

yes

yes

discrete

short-term

no

no

technical, service guarantees

2012

Bertsimas et al.

Adaptive Robust Optimization for the Security Constrained Unit Commitment Problem

Unit Commitment / Economic Dispatch

10.1109/TPWRS.2012.2205021

envelope

requirement

deterministic

active power

yes

yes

discrete

short-term

no

no

none

2021

Riaz & Mancarella

Modelling and Characterisation of Flexibility from Distributed Energy Resources

Market participation (distributed energy resource aggregate)

Optimization

10.48550/arXiv.2107.05144

envelope

potential

deterministic

active power, reactive power

no

yes

discrete

any

no

yes

technical, economic, service guarantees

2013

Ma et al.

Evaluating and planning flexibility in sustainable power systems

-

10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672221

metric

potential

deterministic

active power, ramp-rate

no

yes

no

technical

2015

Zhao et al.

A Unified Framework for Defining and Measuring Flexibility in Power System

Situational awareness tool for operator

10.1109/TPWRS.2015.2390038

metric

potential

deterministic

time, actions, cost

no

no

discrete

short-term

no

no

technical, economic

2016

MacDougall et al.

Applying machine learning techniques for forecasting flexibility of virtual power plants

Residential virtual power plant flexibility analysis

10.1109/EPEC.2016.7771738

meachine learning model

potential

deterministic

duration

no

no

discrete

short-term

no

no

technical

2018

Förderer et al.

Modeling flexibility using artificial neural networks

Enable operator to find suitable load profiles

10.1186/s42162-018-0024-4

meachine learning model

potential

deterministic

active power

no

no

discrete

short-term

no

no

technical, economic

2012

Wang et al.

A Stochastic Power Network Calculus for Integrating Renewable Energy Sources into the Power Grid

Storage sizing

Stochastic network calculus

10.1109/JSAC.2012.120703

envelope

requirement

probabilistic

energy

yes

yes

both

any

yes

no

service guarantees

2012

Wu et al.

A stochastic calculus for network systems with renewable energy sources

Studying QoS guarantees

Stochastic network calculus

10.1109/INFCOMW.2012.6193470

envelope

requirement

probabilistic

energy

yes

yes

both

any

yes

no

economic

2015

Xu et al.

Unit commitment of power system with large-scale wind power considering multi time scale flexibility contribution of demand response

Unit Commitment

Technical constraints, Probability theory

10.1016/j.egyr.2021.10.025

envelope

both

deterministic

active power, ramp-rate

no

no

discrete

short-term

yes

no

technical, economic

2018

Chen et al.

Aggregating flexibility of heterogeneous energy resources in distribution networks

Provide capacity reserves to transmission system

Optimization

10.23919/ACC.2018.8431445

envelope

potential

deterministic

active power

no

no

discrete

short-term

no

yes

technical

2018

Huo et al.

Flexibility Envelopes for Distribution Networks

Assess flexibility requirements for distribution networks

Shift factors, Probability theory

10.1109/PESGM.2018.8586668

envelope

requirement

probabilistic

active power, voltage

yes

yes

discrete

short-term

no

no

none

2020

Huo et al.

Spatio-temporal flexibility management in lowcarbon power systems. IEEE Trans Sustain Energy

Unit Commitment, Economic Dispatch

Time series analysis

10.1109/TSTE.2020.2967428

envelope

requirement

probabilistic

active power

yes

yes

discrete

short-term

no

no

none